THE REMEDIAL HERSTORY PROJECT
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        • United States Women's History >
          • Early American History: Cultural Encounters
          • The Revolutionary Era: Women's Liberties?
          • The Antebellum Era: Abolition is Women's Ticket
          • The Civil War Era: Women Supporters, Soldiers, and Spies
          • Reconstruction: And Woman Suffrage
          • Industrialization and Imperialism: Progressives
          • The World War I Era: Woman Suffrage
          • The New Woman Era: Roaring Twenties to Depression
          • The World War II Era: Women and the War Effort
          • The Civil Rights Era: And Sexual Freedoms
          • The Modern Era: Post Feminism?
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      • Season 1 >
        • Episodes 1-10 >
          • S1E1 Our Story
          • S1E2 His Story Her Story
          • S1E3 Heroes and Sheroes
          • S1E4 Herstory's Complicated Suffrage
          • S1E5 His Sphere Her Sphere
          • S1E6 Fast Girls and 1936 Olympics
          • S1E7 Standards and Her Voice
          • S1E8 Rape and Civil Rights
          • S1E9 Textbooks and Crossdressing Spies
          • S1E10 It's not about feminism
        • Episodes 11-20 >
          • S1E11 Equal Pay and Ida Tarbell
          • S1E12 Equal Rights Amendment
          • S1E13 Culture Wars and the Frontier PART 1
          • S1E14 Culture Wars and the Frontier PART 2
          • S1E15 Women's Historians and Primary Sources
          • S1E16 Education and Nuns
          • S1E17 Blanks and Goddess Worship
          • S1E18 Thanksgiving and Other
          • S1E19 Feminist Pedagogy and the Triangle Fire
          • S1E20 Mrs. So and so, Peggy Eaton, and the Trail of Tears
        • Episodes 21-30 >
          • S1E21 First Ladies and Holiday Parties
          • S1E22 Sarah, Mary, and Virginity
          • S1E23 Hiding and Jackie O
          • S1E24 Well Behaved Women and Early Christianity
          • S1E25 Muslim Women and their History
          • S1E26 Written Out Alice Paul
          • S1E27 Blocked and Kamala Harris
          • S1E28 Clandestine Work and Virginia Hall
          • S1E29 Didn't Get There, Maggie Hassan and the Fabulous Five
          • S1E30 White Supremacy and the Black Panthers
        • Episodes 31-40 >
          • S1E31 Thematic Instruction and Indigenous Women
          • S1E32 Racism and Women in the Mexican American War
          • S1E33 Covid Crisis and Republican Motherhood
          • S1E34 Burned Records and Black Women's Clubs
          • S1E35 JSTOR and Reconstruction
          • S1E36 Somebody's Wife and Hawaiian Missionary Wives
          • S1E37 Taboo = Menstruation
          • S1E38 What's her name? Health, Religion and Mary Baker Eddy PART 1
          • S1E39 What's her name? Health, Religion and Mary Baker Eddy PART 1
          • S1E40 Controversial and Reproductive Justice PART 1
        • Episodes 41-50 >
          • S1E41 Controversial and Reproductive Justice PART 2
          • S1E42 Sexual Assault and the Founding of Rome
          • S1E43 Sexist Historians and Gudrid the Viking
          • S1E44 Byzantine Intersectionality
          • S1E45 Murder and Queens
          • S1E46 Hindu Goddesses and the Third Gender
          • S1E47 Women's Founding Documents
          • S1E48 Women and Bletchley Park
          • S1E49 Unknown Jewish Resistance Fighters
          • S1E50 End of Year ONE!
      • Season 2 >
        • Episodes 1-12 Monarchs and Politicians >
          • S2E1 Let's Make HERSTORY!
          • S2E2 Empresses, Monarchs, and Politicians: How did women rise to power in the Ancient world?
          • S2E3 How did female sexuality lead to the rise and fall of Chinese empresses? with Dr. Cony Marquez
          • S2E4 How did medieval women rise and why were they erased? ​With Shelley Puhak
          • S2E5 Did English Queens Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn have agency? with Chloe Gardner
          • S2E6 Is Elizabeth a turning point in World History? with Deb Hunter
          • S2E7 How did Maria Theresa transform modern Europe? With Dr. Barbara Stollber-Rilinger
          • S2E8 Were Paul and Burns the turning point in women's suffrage? With Dr. Sidney Bland
          • S2E9 Were the First Ladies just wives? ​With the First Ladies Man
          • S2E10: How did ER use her position and influence to sway public opinion and influence politics? ​With Dr. Christy Regenhardt
          • S2E11: Why was women’s fight for low level offices needed? ​With Dr. Elizabeth Katz
          • S2E12 Should We Believe Anita Hill? With the Hashtag History Podcast
        • Episodes 13-19 Women Social Reformers >
          • S2E13: Women in Social Reform: Should temperance have been intersectional?
          • S2E14: Why are material culture artifacts reshaping our understanding of women's history? With Dr. Amy Forss
          • S2E15: Did 19th institutionalizing and deinstitutionalizing healthcare make it safer? with Dr. Martha Libster
          • S2E16: Why are the interconnections between women and their social reform movements important? With Dr. DeAnna Beachley
          • S2E17: Did WWII really bring women into the workforce? ​With Dr. Dorothy Cobble
          • S2E18: How have unwell women been treated in healthcare? ​With Dr. Elinor Cleghorn
          • S2E19: How did MADD impact the culture of drunk driving?
        • Episodes 20-28 Women and War >
          • S2E20: Women and War: How are Army Rangers still changing the game?
          • S2E21: Should we remember Augustus for his war on women? ​With Dr. Barry Strauss
          • S2E22: Were French women willing participants or collateral damage in imperialism? with Dr. Jack Gronau
          • S2E23: Was Joan of Arc a heretic? ​With Jacqui Nelson
          • S2E24: What changes did the upper class ladies of SC face as a result of the Civil War? with Annabelle Blevins Pifer
          • S2E25: Were Soviets more open to gender equality? ​With Jacqui Nelson
          • S2E26: Why Womanpower in the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948? with Tanya Roth
          • S2E27: What role did women play in the Vietnam War? with Dr. Barbara Tischler
          • S2E28: Why were women drawn into the Anti-Vietnam Movement with Dr. Jessica Frazier
        • Episodes 29-33 Women Explorers and Pioneers >
          • S2E29: Women Explorers and Pioneers: Who was the real Lady Lindy?
          • S2E30: What is the heroine's journey of women in the west? ​With Meredith Eliassen
          • S2E31: What is the lost history of the Statue of Freedom? with Katya Miller
          • S2E32: Why did women explore the White Mountains? With Dr. Marcia Schmidt Blaine
          • S2E33: How are native women telling their own stories? with Dr. Ferina King
        • Episodes 34-38 Women in World Religions >
          • S2E34: Women and World Religions: How did Confucianism’s enduring impact affect women in China?
          • S2E35: What precedent is there for female Islamic leaders? with Dr. Shahla Haeri
          • S2E36: Were Islamic Queens successful? with Dr. Shahla Haeri
          • S2E37: Is there space for female Islamic leaders today? with Dr. Shahla Haeri​
          • S2E38: Were Protestant women just wives and mothers? with Caroline Taylor
        • Episodes 39-44 Women in Queer History >
          • S2E39: Queer Women in History: How did one woman legalize gay marriage?
          • S2E40: Was Title IX just about sports? with Sara Fitzgerald
          • S2E41: Was Hildegard de Bingen gay? with Lauren Cole
          • S2E42: What crimes were women accused of in the 17th and 18th Century? with Dr. Shannon Duffy
          • S2E43: How should we define female friendships in the 19th century? with Dr. Alison Efford
          • S2E44: Were gay bars a religious experience for gay people before Stonewall? with Dr. Marie Cartier
        • Episodes 45-50 >
          • S2E45: Women and Business: Do We still have far to go? With Ally Orr
          • S2E46: How did 16th century English women manage businesses? with Dr. Katherine Koh
          • S2E47: How did free women of color carve out space as entrepreneurs in Louisiana? with Dr. Evelyn Wilson
          • S2E48: Who were the NH women in the suffrage movement? with Elizabeth DuBrulle
          • S2E49: What gave Elizabeth Arden her business prowess? with Shelby Robert
          • S2E50: End of Year 2
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​Episode 46 - Hindu Goddesses and the Third Gender

This week we chatted with Chloe Gardner about her dissertation work into the third gender in Hinduism. We learn about a series of Goddesses and women who lived in this time, and discussed the paradox of the religion and the status of women's rights in India. ​
Transcript
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Chloë Gardner is a PhD student in Religious Studies at the University of Edinburgh. She also holds an MA and a MsC in Religious Studies. Her research focuses on gender, nationalism and interreligious relation in South Asia, especially India.
 
In 2020, she started her own blog “Herstory Revisited” to share the stories of women who have been left out of traditional tellings of history. From learning about Cleopatra as a young girl, to doing her high school presentation on Anne Boleyn, to somehow crowbarring gender into every university essay, Chloë credits history’s sheroes with guiding and inspiring her throughout her life.
 
Chloë was born and raised in Edinburgh, Scotland and has also worked in tourism there for over 6 years sharing the history of her beloved city with visitors from around the world.
 
When not writing or reading, she can be found playing piano or rewatching her favourite sitcoms for the millionth time. She is also in the top 0.005% of Taylor Swift fans, according to Spotify Unwrapped.
THANK YOU PATRONS:
​Jeff Eckert, Barbara Tischler, Brooke Sullivan, Christian Bourdo, Kent Heckel, Jenna Koloski, Nancy Heckel, Megan Torrey-Payne, Leah Tanger, Mark Bryer, Nicole Woulfe, Alicia Guitierrez-Romine, Katya Miller, Michelle Stonis, Jessica Freire, Laura Holiday, Jacqui Nelson, Annabelle Blevins Pifer, Dawn Cyr, Megan Gary, and Melissa Adams.
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  • Home
  • About
    • About RHP
    • Board of Directors
    • Partnerships
    • Contact and Consulting
  • Giving
    • Giving
    • Become a Patron
  • Educators
    • Lessons >
      • Elementary Lessons
      • Secondary Lessons >
        • World History
        • United States Women's History >
          • Early American History: Cultural Encounters
          • The Revolutionary Era: Women's Liberties?
          • The Antebellum Era: Abolition is Women's Ticket
          • The Civil War Era: Women Supporters, Soldiers, and Spies
          • Reconstruction: And Woman Suffrage
          • Industrialization and Imperialism: Progressives
          • The World War I Era: Woman Suffrage
          • The New Woman Era: Roaring Twenties to Depression
          • The World War II Era: Women and the War Effort
          • The Civil Rights Era: And Sexual Freedoms
          • The Modern Era: Post Feminism?
      • Teaching with Inquiry
      • C3 Inquiries
      • Submit a Lesson Plan
    • Podcast PD Certificate
    • Summer Educators Retreat >
      • Summer Educators Retreat
      • Sponsor the Summer Retreat
      • Retreat 2021
      • Retreat 2022
    • Book Club
  • Media
    • Advertise with Us
    • TEDx Talk
    • Blog
    • Video Series
    • Podcast >
      • About the Podcast
      • Episodes
      • Apply to Speak
      • Become a Patron
      • Season 1 >
        • Episodes 1-10 >
          • S1E1 Our Story
          • S1E2 His Story Her Story
          • S1E3 Heroes and Sheroes
          • S1E4 Herstory's Complicated Suffrage
          • S1E5 His Sphere Her Sphere
          • S1E6 Fast Girls and 1936 Olympics
          • S1E7 Standards and Her Voice
          • S1E8 Rape and Civil Rights
          • S1E9 Textbooks and Crossdressing Spies
          • S1E10 It's not about feminism
        • Episodes 11-20 >
          • S1E11 Equal Pay and Ida Tarbell
          • S1E12 Equal Rights Amendment
          • S1E13 Culture Wars and the Frontier PART 1
          • S1E14 Culture Wars and the Frontier PART 2
          • S1E15 Women's Historians and Primary Sources
          • S1E16 Education and Nuns
          • S1E17 Blanks and Goddess Worship
          • S1E18 Thanksgiving and Other
          • S1E19 Feminist Pedagogy and the Triangle Fire
          • S1E20 Mrs. So and so, Peggy Eaton, and the Trail of Tears
        • Episodes 21-30 >
          • S1E21 First Ladies and Holiday Parties
          • S1E22 Sarah, Mary, and Virginity
          • S1E23 Hiding and Jackie O
          • S1E24 Well Behaved Women and Early Christianity
          • S1E25 Muslim Women and their History
          • S1E26 Written Out Alice Paul
          • S1E27 Blocked and Kamala Harris
          • S1E28 Clandestine Work and Virginia Hall
          • S1E29 Didn't Get There, Maggie Hassan and the Fabulous Five
          • S1E30 White Supremacy and the Black Panthers
        • Episodes 31-40 >
          • S1E31 Thematic Instruction and Indigenous Women
          • S1E32 Racism and Women in the Mexican American War
          • S1E33 Covid Crisis and Republican Motherhood
          • S1E34 Burned Records and Black Women's Clubs
          • S1E35 JSTOR and Reconstruction
          • S1E36 Somebody's Wife and Hawaiian Missionary Wives
          • S1E37 Taboo = Menstruation
          • S1E38 What's her name? Health, Religion and Mary Baker Eddy PART 1
          • S1E39 What's her name? Health, Religion and Mary Baker Eddy PART 1
          • S1E40 Controversial and Reproductive Justice PART 1
        • Episodes 41-50 >
          • S1E41 Controversial and Reproductive Justice PART 2
          • S1E42 Sexual Assault and the Founding of Rome
          • S1E43 Sexist Historians and Gudrid the Viking
          • S1E44 Byzantine Intersectionality
          • S1E45 Murder and Queens
          • S1E46 Hindu Goddesses and the Third Gender
          • S1E47 Women's Founding Documents
          • S1E48 Women and Bletchley Park
          • S1E49 Unknown Jewish Resistance Fighters
          • S1E50 End of Year ONE!
      • Season 2 >
        • Episodes 1-12 Monarchs and Politicians >
          • S2E1 Let's Make HERSTORY!
          • S2E2 Empresses, Monarchs, and Politicians: How did women rise to power in the Ancient world?
          • S2E3 How did female sexuality lead to the rise and fall of Chinese empresses? with Dr. Cony Marquez
          • S2E4 How did medieval women rise and why were they erased? ​With Shelley Puhak
          • S2E5 Did English Queens Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn have agency? with Chloe Gardner
          • S2E6 Is Elizabeth a turning point in World History? with Deb Hunter
          • S2E7 How did Maria Theresa transform modern Europe? With Dr. Barbara Stollber-Rilinger
          • S2E8 Were Paul and Burns the turning point in women's suffrage? With Dr. Sidney Bland
          • S2E9 Were the First Ladies just wives? ​With the First Ladies Man
          • S2E10: How did ER use her position and influence to sway public opinion and influence politics? ​With Dr. Christy Regenhardt
          • S2E11: Why was women’s fight for low level offices needed? ​With Dr. Elizabeth Katz
          • S2E12 Should We Believe Anita Hill? With the Hashtag History Podcast
        • Episodes 13-19 Women Social Reformers >
          • S2E13: Women in Social Reform: Should temperance have been intersectional?
          • S2E14: Why are material culture artifacts reshaping our understanding of women's history? With Dr. Amy Forss
          • S2E15: Did 19th institutionalizing and deinstitutionalizing healthcare make it safer? with Dr. Martha Libster
          • S2E16: Why are the interconnections between women and their social reform movements important? With Dr. DeAnna Beachley
          • S2E17: Did WWII really bring women into the workforce? ​With Dr. Dorothy Cobble
          • S2E18: How have unwell women been treated in healthcare? ​With Dr. Elinor Cleghorn
          • S2E19: How did MADD impact the culture of drunk driving?
        • Episodes 20-28 Women and War >
          • S2E20: Women and War: How are Army Rangers still changing the game?
          • S2E21: Should we remember Augustus for his war on women? ​With Dr. Barry Strauss
          • S2E22: Were French women willing participants or collateral damage in imperialism? with Dr. Jack Gronau
          • S2E23: Was Joan of Arc a heretic? ​With Jacqui Nelson
          • S2E24: What changes did the upper class ladies of SC face as a result of the Civil War? with Annabelle Blevins Pifer
          • S2E25: Were Soviets more open to gender equality? ​With Jacqui Nelson
          • S2E26: Why Womanpower in the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948? with Tanya Roth
          • S2E27: What role did women play in the Vietnam War? with Dr. Barbara Tischler
          • S2E28: Why were women drawn into the Anti-Vietnam Movement with Dr. Jessica Frazier
        • Episodes 29-33 Women Explorers and Pioneers >
          • S2E29: Women Explorers and Pioneers: Who was the real Lady Lindy?
          • S2E30: What is the heroine's journey of women in the west? ​With Meredith Eliassen
          • S2E31: What is the lost history of the Statue of Freedom? with Katya Miller
          • S2E32: Why did women explore the White Mountains? With Dr. Marcia Schmidt Blaine
          • S2E33: How are native women telling their own stories? with Dr. Ferina King
        • Episodes 34-38 Women in World Religions >
          • S2E34: Women and World Religions: How did Confucianism’s enduring impact affect women in China?
          • S2E35: What precedent is there for female Islamic leaders? with Dr. Shahla Haeri
          • S2E36: Were Islamic Queens successful? with Dr. Shahla Haeri
          • S2E37: Is there space for female Islamic leaders today? with Dr. Shahla Haeri​
          • S2E38: Were Protestant women just wives and mothers? with Caroline Taylor
        • Episodes 39-44 Women in Queer History >
          • S2E39: Queer Women in History: How did one woman legalize gay marriage?
          • S2E40: Was Title IX just about sports? with Sara Fitzgerald
          • S2E41: Was Hildegard de Bingen gay? with Lauren Cole
          • S2E42: What crimes were women accused of in the 17th and 18th Century? with Dr. Shannon Duffy
          • S2E43: How should we define female friendships in the 19th century? with Dr. Alison Efford
          • S2E44: Were gay bars a religious experience for gay people before Stonewall? with Dr. Marie Cartier
        • Episodes 45-50 >
          • S2E45: Women and Business: Do We still have far to go? With Ally Orr
          • S2E46: How did 16th century English women manage businesses? with Dr. Katherine Koh
          • S2E47: How did free women of color carve out space as entrepreneurs in Louisiana? with Dr. Evelyn Wilson
          • S2E48: Who were the NH women in the suffrage movement? with Elizabeth DuBrulle
          • S2E49: What gave Elizabeth Arden her business prowess? with Shelby Robert
          • S2E50: End of Year 2
  • Store
  • Resources
    • OTD Calendar
    • Women
    • Reading
    • Feature Films